In order to qualify as a teacher in Japan, it is basically necessary to attain credits in prescribed subjects at universities. Under the revision of the certification law in 1964, examination of teachersf qualifications was instituted as a requirement for teachers excluding specific subjects of a technical nature in upper secondary schools (judo, kendo, circulation practice). The 1973 revised certification law attempted to broaden the base of selection of teachers in an evolving educational society by extending the qualification requirement to include elementary school teachers, upper secondary school teachers (nursing, judo, kendo, interior, circulation practice, architecture and design) and special school teachers (nursing training = education for deaf and physically challenged).
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