17	�gVIII Teacher's Qualifications/Training/Appointment�h	Previous	Next	JAPANESE
	The training of teachers and teaching research are necessary in order to prepare such educational activities as classes and guidance, to solve problems and tasks in the process of carrying out classes and guidance, and to be aware of evolving changes in education and then to reflect these changes in educational activities. A Japanese word for training �gkensyu�h is derived by adding �gsyuyo�h (cultivation of the mind) and �gkenkyu�h (research). Cultivation of the mind means to deepen the awareness of individuals as teachers, to inculcate responsibility towards guardians of children and society, and to fulfil vocational and social responsibilities. Since the aim of education is to teach knowledge and techniques to children depending on their levels of development, it is necessary to undertake research on teaching materials as well as research on children. Therefore, undertaking training is considered as a part of teaching duties as defined in the law on special cases of public servants who are educators. Training should basically be carried out independently. However, given limitations and constraints, and because of the need for consistency in educational administration of schools, opportunities such as in-service training are provided within schools, administration training as well as advanced (�gdispatch�h) training in university and graduate schools. Training based on educational evaluations has also been introduced recently.

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