29	gVIII Teacher's Qualifications/Training/Appointmenth	Previous	Next	JAPANESE
	School-based in-service training is the tradition and culture of Japanese schools that has been conducted for long time. The aims of school-based in-service training are to cultivate awareness and commitment of individuals to their mission as teachers, to improve teaching abilities of teachers, to deal with children and student issues, to solve educational tasks at schools, to adjust teaching practices and management to correspond to new educational reforms, and to implement research as appointed by boards of education. Especially lesson study in which teachers consult each other after observing each otherfs class has a significant implication in sharing educational issues of school and solving problems. School-based in-service training is incorporated into school management plans. Training committees are established as an institutions for sharing of school duties and where where individual responsibilities are made clear. When carrying out in-service training, the roles and leadership of the head of such training / research is an important element. It is necessary to place and adequate number of capable people in such committee positions in order to ensure that the development of training programs actually happens. For school-based in-service training, it is a basic tradition that teachers should arrange such training independently. There is some concern that school-based in-service training arranged by teachers independently does not occur very frequently, although it is recognized that it is good to conduct school-based in-service training as an organization.

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Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Development(CRICED) University of Tsukuba
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